A global overview on nuclear desalination

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Int. J. Nuclear Desalination, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2009 311
Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
A global overview on nuclear desalination
I. Khamis
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Wagramer Strasse 5
P.O. Box 100, Vienna A-1400, Austria
E-mail: i.khamis@iaea.org
Abstract: Nuclear desalination is considered one of the viable sources of
producing the fresh water needed in arid areas. Nowadays, several countries
have shown interest in the use of nuclear energy for seawater desalination,
because recent studies have demonstrated that nuclear desalination is not
only feasible but also economical, and this has already been demonstrated
in several countries. Although the future requires the effective integration of
energy resources to produce power and desalinated water economically
with proper consideration for the environment, the significant increase in fuel
energy cost and material cost has resulted in a dramatic impact on the capital
and operational costs of desalination and power plants. The impact of any
increase in the price of fossil fuels (as in the case before mid-2008) and the
high demand for raw materials (e.g., steel, copper, nickel) will increase the
pressure to develop novel solutions to minimise fossil energy consumption and
reduce the capital expenditure of desalination plants. This, in turn, is causing
a renewed global interest in nuclear energy. However, nuclear desalination
may face some challenges, among which are public perception, financing, the
transfer of nuclear technology and considerations for the safety of the coupling
options selected.
Keywords: nuclear desalination; outlook; trends; desalination technologies;
fresh water supply.
Reference to this paper should be made as f