An overview of nuclear desalination: history and challenges

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Int. J. of Nuclear Desalination Vol. 1, No. 1, 2003
Copyright © 2003 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
An overview of nuclear desalination: history and
challenges
Mohamed M. Megahed
Nuclear Power Plants Authority, 4 El-Nasr Ave., P.O. Box 8191,
Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt
E-mail: eisys@idsc.net.eg
E-mail: m.megahed@hotmail.com
E-mail: nppa2@idsc.net.eg
Abstract: Both nuclear and desalination technologies are mature and proven by
experience, and are commercially available from a variety of suppliers. From
the early days of the two technologies, it was realized that nuclear energy could
be utilized to overcome two of the challenges to the development of
humankind, namely the sustainable supply of electricity and water. As early as
the 1960s, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and individual
countries carried out several technical and economic feasibility studies to
investigate the utilization of nuclear energy for seawater desalination. The
assessments performed for these studies indicated that nuclear desalination
would be technically feasible and economically competitive with fossil and
renewable energy in a range of situations. Coupling nuclear reactor and
desalination processes involves a number of issues that have to be addressed.
These include safety of the nuclear plant and prevention of radioactive
contamination of product water, assurance of potable water supply during
reactor shutdown, as well as economic and financing issues. This article
presents the development of nuclear desalination, its current status and its
prospects for implementation, through a comprehensive review of its historical
development, recent studies and R&D activities, as well as the main issues
confronting nuclear desalination and approaches to address them.
Keywords: activities; demonstration; desalination; development; feasibility;
history; issues; nuclear; research; seawater.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Megahed, M.M. (2003