Fifteenth-century Arabs were the first to cultivate coffee and a Frenchman was behind the 1843 debut of the world's first commercial espresso machine.
15世纪的阿拉伯人是最早栽培及食用咖啡的民族，而在1843年一名法国人首次制造出第一台商用咖啡机。
There have been a few leaps forward since then.
从那时起就有几次巨大的飞跃。
"People are more and more interested in where the beans come from, and how they're harvested and roasted," says New Zealand barista champion Nick Clark of Wellington's Flight Coffee.
"There are so many variables involved in producing a great cup of coffee these days, and the industry has had to evolve to meet growing consumer expectations."
“要想做出一杯好喝的咖啡，里面有太多的影响因素。咖啡业需要不断进步才能满足顾客日益高涨的期望。”
The world's best coffee cities are those where the coffee isn't just good -- it's great.
在世界上咖啡最棒的城市里，那里的咖啡不仅仅是好——而是非常好。
London
伦敦
Aussies and Kiwis opened the city's first espresso-focused coffee shops (such as Flat White and Kaffeine) a decade ago and they've been popping up across the city ever since.
"London still has a long way to go with café service, but in the past five years there's been so much growth" says Estelle Bright, head barista at London's Caravan.
After the Dutch, Scandinavians have the highest coffee consumption per capita in the world.
除了荷兰，北欧人是世界上人均咖啡消费量最多的国家。
While Finns drink the most among Scandinavians, Icelanders are also coffee crazy.
虽然在北欧人中，芬兰人是喝咖啡喝得最多的，但冰岛人也很热衷于咖啡。
"Not too long ago, cafés in Reykjavík were more about the food," says Kristin Thora, a barista at Icelandic institution Kaffitar and reigning National Cupping Champion.
"You'd have coffee and cake and didn't mind how the coffee was as long as the cake was good."
“你会点咖啡和蛋糕，只要蛋糕口味不错，你就不会介意咖啡的味道。”
"Then, about 25 years ago, people started to care about how their coffee was served."
“接着，大约在25年前，人们开始关心咖啡的服务。”
With Iceland's lack of commercial coffee behemoths, smaller businesses have had a chance to flourish.
冰岛缺乏咖啡巨头，小企业有机会蓬勃发展。
Now you can hardly walk a city block without passing a coffee shop.
现在你去每一个城市街区基本上都能看到咖啡店。
Local order: Latte or cappuccino.
当地必点咖啡：拿铁或卡布奇诺。
"Drip coffee is popular in the home, but Icelanders tend go to coffeehouses for espresso-based drinks," says Thora.
“过滤咖啡在家里很流行，但是冰岛人喜欢去咖啡馆喝浓缩咖啡，”Thora说。
Rome
罗马
Coffee is so much a part of Italian culture that you'll rarely encounter a local who doesn't drink it.
咖啡是罗马文化的一部分，你去罗马能难碰到不喝咖啡的当地人。
But believe it or not, it's not always that easy to find a decent espresso in Italy, with critics whispering that Italians have been resistant to adopt modern barista techniques.
But with the best of the nation's baristas calling it home, Rome is your best bet for a quality cup.
但是最好的咖啡师都把罗马称为咖啡之都，要想喝一杯高品质的咖啡，罗马是你最好的选择。
Local order: Espresso.
当地必点咖啡：浓缩咖啡
Custom dictates that milky coffees can only be consumed at breakfast.
那里的习俗是乳白色的咖啡只能在早晨时享用。
Singapore
新加坡
"Coffee has always been an integral part of Singaporean life, but we've only recently embraced modern espresso technology," says Jovena Loon of Café Hopping Singapore. "Locals have become so obsessed with latte art that it has become a basic criteria for a good café."
"Passion for the product, coupled with the sheer number of coffee shops across the city, has created a culture of constant improvement through competition and camaraderie."
“对产品的激情，在加上该市中大量的咖啡店，这些都创造了通过竞争和友谊不断改进的文化。”
Local order: Espresso, cappuccino or a single-origin pour.
当地必点咖啡：浓缩咖啡、卡布奇诺或 单品咖啡。
Vienna, Austria
奥地利维也纳
They're such an important part of Viennese culture that the city's coffee houses were listed by UNESCO in 2011 as an Intangible Heritage.
But modern coffee connoisseurs such as Vienna coffee blogger Lameen Abdul-Malik of From Coffee With Love admit that the standard of coffee in these beloved institutions, which act as public living rooms where people come to chat, read newspapers and eat strudel, are lagging in terms of coffee technology and service expectations.
"Since Vienna hosted the World Barista Championships in 2012, and new-style independent coffee shops began to open up, the quality of espresso drinks is steadily improving," says Abdul-Malik.
